Every morn­ing at dawn I walk down the dri­ve­way with my dog, Zoey, to get the news­pa­per. When we stepped out­side one day a cou­ple of years ago, a coy­ote stood in the front yard. Lean with a dirty gray coat, spindly legs, long snout, and pointy tri­an­gu­lar ears, it low­ered its head, and stared at us with pierc­ing close-set eyes.

I keep Zoey’s leash in a peach bas­ket just out­side the door. She gave out a gut­tur­al cry and sprang for­ward before I had a chance to reach for it.

The coy­ote ran down my dri­ve­way and took off up the street. The hair on Zoey’s back spik­ing into a mohawk, every mus­cle in her body bulging, her teeth bared, she gave chase.

Zoey is an Amer­i­can Bull­dog, two feet tall at the shoul­ders, weigh­ing 70 pounds. The aver­age coy­ote is her height but less than half her weight. When Zoey was young, she would have been more than a match for any coy­ote, but she was eleven years old that day with arthri­tis in her front shoul­ders and an arti­fi­cial back knee, so I wasn’t sure she could sur­vive a fight with this one.

Zoey paid me no heed when I yelled at her to stop. I ran after her. Sev­en­ty-three years old with dou­ble knee replace­ments, I lost ground on her quick­ly. By the time I got to the bot­tom of the dri­ve­way, she was fifty yards up the street with the coy­ote anoth­er twen­ty yards ahead of her. I’d almost lost sight of them when Zoey’s adren­a­line surge wore off, and she slowed to a stiff-legged trot. The coy­ote could have pulled away from her eas­i­ly, but instead it looked back and stopped. This revived Zoey’s flag­ging ener­gy, and she charged ahead. The coy­ote wait­ed until Zoey was almost on it, then hopped off the street, and loped up a steep hill.

Zoey fol­lowed in hot pur­suit. About half-way up, her arthri­tis final­ly got the best of her. She stum­bled and fell, then scram­bled to her feet, bark­ing hys­ter­i­cal­ly, but she was too weak to climb higher.

I clumped along the street, stag­gered up the hill, and grabbed her col­lar. Breath­ing hard, I looked up at the sum­mit. A sec­ond coy­ote stood beside the one Zoey had chased. Nei­ther seemed tired or the least bit fear­ful. While I caught my breath, they watched us close­ly. When I pulled Zoey back down to the street, they trot­ted over the hill out of sight.

Back inside the house, Zoey col­lapsed on the rug in my home-office, and I plopped down in my desk chair. As Zoey lay at my feet, pant­i­ng furi­ous­ly, spent, and exhaust­ed, a grudg­ing respect for the flee­ing coy­ote came over me. It had set a trap for a dog too big to take down alone. It stopped on the street to lure Zoey to the top of the hill where its part­ner was wait­ing. We were lucky Zoey’s arthri­tis broke her down. If she’d been able to scale that hill, she’d have been an easy kill in a two-on-one fight.

Many of my neigh­bors’ pets have not been so fortunate.

My neigh­bor­hood is an eques­tri­an com­mu­ni­ty with large lots and miles of trails wind­ing in between and around the prop­er­ties, all nes­tled up against a fifty-six-hun­dred-acre nature pre­serve. Coy­otes migrate from the pre­serve, set up dens in the brush, and hunt the trails, open fields, and backyards.

Walk­ing my dogs and horse­back rid­ing dai­ly, I’ve seen count­less coy­otes since I moved here, but recent­ly there’s been a change in their behav­ior. The fre­quen­cy of sight­ings has increased. I see coy­otes at all times of the day, any­where and every­where, in streets, neigh­bors’ yards, and home con­struc­tion sites. They shied away from me before. Now, they rarely retreat, even when Zoey and P.D., an 80-pound Pit Bull, are with me. They’re no longer afraid of people.

This absence of fear, referred to as habit­u­a­tion, is a dan­ger­ous phe­nom­e­non. Nat­u­ral­ists Rex Bak­er and Robert Timm, who stud­ied coy­otes in sub­ur­ban and urban envi­ron­ments, observed sev­en stages of esca­lat­ing aggres­sive behav­ior among habit­u­at­ed coy­otes. Coy­otes in my neigh­bor­hood have reached stage 5 – attack­ing pets on a leash or stand­ing near an own­er. If Bak­er and Timm’s study is an accu­rate pre­dic­tor of coy­ote aggres­sion, we need to reverse the progress of habit­u­a­tion before it reach­es Stages 6 and 7, threat­en­ing actions toward chil­dren and adults.

The prob­lem of habit­u­a­tion is not unique to my neigh­bor­hood. No one knows how many coy­otes there are nation­wide, but esti­mates reach into the mil­lions. In Cal­i­for­nia alone, nat­u­ral­ists think there could be as many as 750,000, and the pop­u­la­tion is grow­ing. Coy­otes are fierce­ly ter­ri­to­r­i­al. As their num­bers increase, they spread out to estab­lish new hunt­ing grounds. As a result, they are ubiq­ui­tous. They live in vir­tu­al­ly every rur­al, sub­ur­ban, and urban area from the Arc­tic Cir­cle to Pana­ma, from New York City to down­town Chica­go, San Fran­cis­co, and Los Angeles.

Habit­u­a­tion has reached Stage 5 in count­less neigh­bor­hoods and reports of attacks on pets are com­mon­place, but thank­ful­ly, attacks on peo­ple are rare. Bak­er and Timm’s study found 367 report­ed coy­ote attacks on humans over the four decades from 1977 through 2015. About half occurred in Cal­i­for­nia. Chil­dren com­prised 40% of the vic­tims, adults 60%. Many of the attacks on small chil­dren appeared to be preda­to­ry and occurred dur­ing the mat­ing and pup-rais­ing sea­son from March through August when coy­ote mates, who are monog­a­mous for life, are some­times des­per­ate for prey to feed their young. Attacks on adults often involved peo­ple try­ing to defend their pets from a coy­ote mauling.

In anoth­er study of coy­ote attacks by Lynsey White and Stan­ley Gehrt, about half result­ed in minor bite wounds. Preda­to­ry attacks and rabid coy­otes account­ed for most of the seri­ous injuries.

There have only been two report­ed fatal coy­ote attacks in North Amer­i­ca. A lone coy­ote killed a three-year-old girl in front of her house in Glen­dale, Cal­i­for­nia, in 1985, and a pack of coy­otes attacked a young woman on a hik­ing trail in Cana­da in 2002.

Coy­ote stud­ies show that there are no easy ways to reform aggres­sive behav­ior once coy­otes become habit­u­at­ed. Exter­mi­na­tion doesn’t work. About 400,000 coy­otes are killed annu­al­ly, 80,000 by the fed­er­al gov­ern­ment alone, but coy­ote pop­u­la­tions con­tin­ue to explode, large­ly because coy­ote biol­o­gy is primed to com­bat exter­mi­na­tion. When the rate of killing increas­es, females pro­duce larg­er lit­ters, and new­born coy­otes mature faster and quick­ly fill the habi­tat vac­u­um cre­at­ed by the killings.

Relo­cat­ing them is also inef­fec­tive. They usu­al­ly return to their orig­i­nal ter­ri­to­ry, and when they don’t, oth­er coy­otes move in and take over.

The most effec­tive alter­na­tive to pro­tect pets and peo­ple seems to be “haz­ing,” reviv­ing a coyote’s nat­ur­al fear of humans. The sim­plest way to haze is to wave your arms and yell at a coy­ote, but that alone is often inef­fec­tive where habit­u­a­tion has tak­en hold in the coy­ote pop­u­la­tion. Coy­ote experts rec­om­mend blast­ing airhorns, shak­ing plas­tic con­tain­ers filled with rocks, bang­ing pots and pans togeth­er, throw­ing rocks, turn­ing water hoses on them, and pep­per spray.

Bak­er and Timm believe that haz­ing may not work once a coy­ote has reached Stage 5, attack­ing pets in the pres­ence of their own­ers. They rec­om­mend more dras­tic mea­sures along with haz­ing to deter aggres­sion at that stage, such as removal of mem­bers of the local coy­ote pop­u­la­tion through exter­mi­na­tion or relo­ca­tion, to send a mes­sage to the remain­ing pack.

Oth­er stud­ies con­clude that haz­ing can cure a severe coy­ote habit­u­a­tion prob­lem if all the peo­ple in a neigh­bor­hood con­sis­tent­ly haze every coy­ote they con­front. They rec­om­mend com­mu­ni­ty out­reach and edu­ca­tion to achieve an effec­tive haz­ing program.

I’m against killing coy­otes and in favor of haz­ing. Coy­otes are not evil. They are wild preda­tors, try­ing to make a liv­ing, and impor­tant mem­bers of the eco sys­tem, help­ing to con­trol the rodent, small mam­mal, and rep­tile pop­u­la­tions. In my neighborhood’s case, they were here first. We moved into their nat­ur­al habi­tat. I feel strong­ly we should try to coex­ist with them.

I real­ize, though, that I might not hold that view if the flee­ing coyote’s trap had worked a cou­ple of years ago. If the coy­ote and its part­ner had killed Zoey. If I’d heard her death wails. If she’d died in my arms. Some of my neigh­bors have lost their pets that way. They dis­agree with me, and I can’t blame them.

Mean­while, I moved that peach bas­ket inside my door. I snap on the leash before we go out­side. And I haze every coy­ote we meet on the trails.

Post Script: All the pho­tographs of coy­otes dis­played here I took in my neigh­bor­hood over the last cou­ple of years before I start­ed haz­ing them. As you can see, they were almost indif­fer­ent to my presence.

Tues­day night, August 2, lying in bed in his Hid­den Hills home, Vin Scul­ly, the leg­endary sports­cast­er, drew his last breath.

Cindy and I live across the street from him. I was in my home office when he passed. About 9:00 p.m. I found the news of his death on the Hid­den Hills Face­book page. A neigh­bor two doors down post­ed, “Rest In Peace Vin Scul­ly. With­out ques­tion the great­est sports broad­cast­er and sim­ply awe­some neigh­bor. Huge loss to Hid­den Hills and fans alike. Always will­ing to talk at the mail­box. Always made you feel like this was going to be the year we won it all.”

I stared at that post for a long time.

His pass­ing was not a sur­prise. He was 94 and had been in fail­ing health. A while back, the red and blue lights of emer­gency vehi­cles flashed in our front win­dows when he fell and broke his hip. Pub­licly, he made light of it. “I won’t be doing any­more head­first slid­ing,” he quipped to a reporter, but it was a seri­ous injury.

A few months lat­er, his wife San­di died after a long bat­tle with Lou Gehrig’s dis­ease. Scul­ly was no stranger to grief. He lost his first wife in 1972 to a pre­scrip­tion drug over­dose and a son, Michael, in 1994 in a heli­copter crash, but San­di had been his con­stant com­pan­ion for almost 50 years and her pass­ing hit him hard.

The Sun­day before his death, when we saw fam­i­ly mem­bers gath­er­ing at his home, we antic­i­pat­ed bad news. Despite that, when it came, I had a hard time assim­i­lat­ing it. His smooth voice had been a steady pres­ence in LA since I moved here in 1975. He broad­cast Dodgers games for 67 years, start­ing in 1953 in Brook­lyn, fol­low­ing the Dodgers to LA in 1958, then call­ing almost every game here until he stepped away from the micro­phone at the end of the 2016 sea­son at the age of 88.

He was a liv­ing leg­end. He was vot­ed nation­al sports­cast­er of the year 4 times, Cal­i­for­nia sports­cast­er of the year 33 times, sports­cast­er of the twen­ti­eth cen­tu­ry, and the top-ranked sports­cast­er of all time. He received a Life­time Emmy Award. He has a star on the Hol­ly­wood Walk of Fame. He was induct­ed into the Amer­i­can Sports­cast­ers Hall of Fame, the NAB Broad­cast­ers Hall of Fame, the Nation­al Radio Hall of Fame, the Cal­i­for­nia Sports Hall of Fame, and the Nation­al Base­ball Hall of Fame, and he received the Pres­i­den­tial Medal of Free­dom. In LA Straw polls we vot­ed him the most trust­ed media per­son­al­i­ty, the most mem­o­rable per­son in Dodger his­to­ry, and the biggest icon in LA sports history.

When I moved to LA, I’d nev­er heard of Vin Scul­ly. My law firm rep­re­sent­ed the Dodgers. One of my first legal assign­ments was to draft a con­tract for the team. My super­vis­ing attor­ney called me into his office and hand­ed me a file enti­tled Vin Scully.

“Who’s Vin Scul­ly?” I asked.

He paused. “Where are you from?”

“Vir­ginia.”

“I take it you crawled out of the Great Dis­mal Swamp only recently.”

He gave me a good-natured tuto­r­i­al on Vin Scully’s cen­tral role in the sto­ried his­to­ry of Dodger base­ball. We draft­ed a short con­tract in plain, straight­for­ward lan­guage, the kind that depends on trust, good faith, and integri­ty, and the Dodgers pri­vate­ly sealed the deal with him with­out ran­cor, bit­ter­ness, or brinksmanship.

Watch­ing Dodgers tele­casts my first sum­mer in LA, I under­stood why the orga­ni­za­tion held him in such high regard. The way he addressed his audi­ence was dif­fer­ent from any sports­cast­er I’d ever lis­tened to. It was as though a well-read, unpre­ten­tious, nice guy saun­tered into my liv­ing room and pulled up a chair beside me. He talked eas­i­ly about the game, mix­ing in vignettes about the play­ers, coach­es, and umpires, sto­ries about life’s lessons, and some­times bits and pieces of his­to­ry, lit­er­a­ture, art, and culture.

Among the con­stel­la­tion of his mas­ter­piece broad­casts, some of the shini­est stars were his per­for­mances dur­ing the biggest moments in base­ball his­to­ry. Like no oth­er announc­er, he under­stood the virtue of silence. At the peak of the excite­ment, while the crowd roared, he kept qui­et, allow­ing the audi­ence to drink it all in. Then, when we’d final­ly caught our breath, his first words per­fect­ly cap­tured the dra­ma and sig­nif­i­cance of the moment.

Two of these high points are indeli­bly etched in my mem­o­ry. In 1974 Hank Aaron hit his record-break­ing 715^th career home run in Atlanta against the Dodgers. “To the fence. It’s gone,” Scul­ly said, then fell silent. The crowd cheered as Aaron round­ed the bases and was mobbed at home plate. After 31 sec­onds of silence, a life­time in broad­cast­ing, he reclaimed the mic. “What a mar­velous moment for base­ball. What a mar­velous moment for the coun­try and the world. A Black man is get­ting a stand­ing ova­tion in the deep South for break­ing a record of an all-time base­ball idol.”

In the first game of the 1988 World Series, Kirk Gib­son hob­bled to the plate on crip­pled legs when the Dodgers were down to their last out and mirac­u­lous­ly hit a game-win­ning walk-off home run. Scully’s call: “High fly ball into right field. She is gone.” He said noth­ing more for an incred­i­ble one minute and eight sec­onds as vir­tu­al­ly every­one in LA went wild. Then he expressed what we all felt in our hearts. “In a year that has been so improb­a­ble, the impos­si­ble has happened.”

He spoke in per­fect sen­tences with flaw­less gram­mar while still some­how pre­serv­ing an infor­mal famil­iar­i­ty and casu­al inti­ma­cy with his lis­ten­ers, and most amaz­ing­ly, he made it up as he went along. Base­ball games don’t fol­low a script.  Scul­ly broad­cast each game as it unfold­ed in front of him with words no one could have writ­ten any bet­ter beforehand.

When we moved into Hid­den Hills, I installed a sec­ond tele­phone line for busi­ness calls. The first time I answered its ring, a woman was in mid-con­ver­sa­tion about a per­son­al prob­lem. When she paused, a man’s smooth tenor voice broke in, con­cerned, sup­port­ive, encour­ag­ing. I imme­di­ate­ly rec­og­nized the speak­er. He had talked to me for three decades.

“Mis­ter Scul­ly,” I said ner­vous­ly, but he and the woman couldn’t hear me. I hung up, not sure what to do. I picked up the line. They were still talk­ing. I called AT&T on my pri­ma­ry line and told a cus­tomer ser­vice lady my tele­phone line was tap­ping Vin Scully’s phone. “I’m talk­ing about THE Vin Scul­ly,” I said.

“Who’s Vin Scul­ly?” she said.

I paused. “Where are you from?”

“Dal­las.”

“Is there a swamp in Dallas?”

AT&T sent out a big mean-look­ing guy with a sour dis­po­si­tion, who turned into a lit­tle kid with wide eyes and a shy grin when I told him Vin Scul­ly owned the phone line he’d been assigned to repair.

The first time I saw Vin Scul­ly face-to-face was at Hid­den Hills City Hall, our local polling place. He walked in when I was vot­ing. The ancient lady hand­ing out bal­lots said, “Hey, who’s that hand­some red-head­ed fel­la?” The elder­ly woman poll-work­er sit­ting beside her said, “Oh, he’s not much. I heard he sells peanuts for the Dodgers.” They both cack­led, then flirt­ed with him mer­ci­less­ly while they set him up to vote. He was a good sport, laugh­ing and jok­ing through it all.

Not long after that, my dog Zoey and I walked by his house when he came out to the car to head to Dodger sta­di­um to broad­cast a night game. He spoke to me and pat­ted Zoey on the head. I was tongue-tied in his pres­ence. “Good luck at the game,” I stammered.

That was stu­pid, I thought, as I watched his car dri­ve away. I had just wished the great­est sports­cast­er of all time good luck in broad­cast­ing a mun­dane reg­u­lar-sea­son game.

As our neigh­bor remarked the night of his death, he was always will­ing to talk at the mail­box. He always greet­ed me and Zoey on our dog-walks with a warm smile, and his friend­li­ness even­tu­al­ly dis­armed my reticence.

In a makeshift shrine out­side Dodger sta­di­um after Vin Scully’s death, a fan framed a plac­ard that said, “God acquires Vin Scul­ly from the Los Ange­les Dodgers.” God broke a lot of hearts the night of August 2. In a let­ter to the LA Times, a man from San­ta Mon­i­ca said it best. “Lit­tle boys are cry­ing all over Los Ange­les. They just hap­pen to be 60, 70, and 80 years old.”

He is irre­place­able. For almost sev­en decades, in our cars, liv­ing rooms, and bed­rooms, at our kitchen coun­ters and bar­be­cue grills, beside our swim­ming pools on sun­ny sum­mer days, he talked to us in an easy way like an old friend.

There nev­er has been, and there nev­er will be again, a sports­cast­er as great or as beloved as Vin Scully.